在電氣工程領(lǐng)域，電纜橋架的防火性能直接關(guān)系到火災(zāi)蔓延風(fēng)險與人員財產(chǎn)。判斷其是否具備防火特性，需從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)證、材料特性、檢測報告及實際應(yīng)用四方面綜合評估。

　　In the field of electrical engineering, the fire resistance performance of cable trays is directly related to the risk of fire spread and the safety of personnel and property. To determine whether it has fire resistance characteristics, a comprehensive evaluation should be conducted from four aspects: standard certification, material characteristics, testing reports, and practical applications.

　　標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)證是首要依據(jù)

　　Standard certification is the primary basis

　　防火橋架需通過消防產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗中心檢測，符合GB 8624《建筑材料及制品燃燒性能分級》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。其中，A級不燃材料與B1級難燃材料是核心指標(biāo)，A級橋架在800℃火焰下持續(xù)燃燒時間為0，B1級則要求續(xù)燃時間≤5秒，且無燃燒滴落物。某檢測機(jī)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，合規(guī)防火橋架在30分鐘耐火試驗中，背火面溫度升幅僅85℃，遠(yuǎn)低于普通橋架的320℃。

　　Fireproof cable trays must pass the testing of the National Fire Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center and comply with the GB 8624 "Classification of Burning Behavior of Building Materials and Products" standard. Among them, Class A non combustible materials and Class B1 non combustible materials are the core indicators. Class A bridge frames have a continuous combustion time of 0 under 800 ℃ flames, while Class B1 requires a continuous combustion time of ≤ 5 seconds and no combustion droplets. According to data from a testing agency, the temperature rise of the back fire surface of compliant fire-resistant cable trays during a 30 minute fire resistance test was only 85 ℃, far lower than the 320 ℃ rise of ordinary cable trays.

　　材料特性決定防火本質(zhì)

　　The material properties determine the essence of fire prevention

　　鋼制橋架需采用冷軋鋼板，厚度≥1.5mm，表面涂覆防火涂料后，其氧指數(shù)可提升35%以上，形成炭化隔熱層。鋁合金橋架則通過添加鎂硅合金元素，使熔點從660℃提升800℃，某產(chǎn)品實測顯示，在1000℃火場中仍保持結(jié)構(gòu)完整性。對于復(fù)合材料橋架，玻璃鋼基材中需摻入20%阻燃劑，使垂直燃燒等級達(dá)到FV-0級，煙氣毒性指數(shù)低于0.5。

　　Steel bridge frames should be made of cold-rolled steel plates with a thickness of ≥ 1.5mm. After surface coating with fireproof coating, their oxygen index can be increased to over 35%, forming a carbonized insulation layer. Aluminum alloy bridge frames are made by adding magnesium silicon alloy elements to increase their melting point from 660 ℃ to 800 ℃. A certain brand's product has been tested and shown to maintain structural integrity even in a 1000 ℃ fire scene. For composite cable trays, 20% flame retardant should be added to the fiberglass substrate to achieve a vertical combustion level of FV-0 and a smoke toxicity index below 0.5.

　　檢測報告驗證核心參數(shù)

　　Testing report verifies core parameters

　　關(guān)鍵檢測數(shù)據(jù)包括：耐火極限≥90分鐘、熱輻射通量≤15kW/m2、煙密度等級≤50。某電廠項目采購時發(fā)現(xiàn)，標(biāo)注“防火”的橋架實際耐火時間僅45分鐘，經(jīng)復(fù)檢后退貨。對于涂層類產(chǎn)品，需核查附著力測試結(jié)果，百格法檢測應(yīng)達(dá)到1級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即脫落面積＜5%。

　　The key detection data includes: fire resistance limit ≥ 90 minutes, heat radiation flux ≤ 15kW/m 2, and smoke density level ≤ 50. During the procurement of a certain power plant project, it was found that the bridge frame labeled as "fireproof" had an actual fire resistance time of only 45 minutes. After re inspection, it was returned. For coating products, it is necessary to verify the adhesion test results, and the hundred grid method should meet the level 1 standard, that is, the peeling area should be less than 5%.

　　現(xiàn)場簡易檢測方法

　　Simple on-site testing method

　　采購環(huán)節(jié)可通過三步初判：

　　The procurement process can be preliminarily judged through three steps:

　　灼燒試驗：用噴槍對準(zhǔn)樣片灼燒10秒，防火涂層應(yīng)無明火且炭化層完整；

　　Burning test: Aim the spray gun at the sample and burn it for 10 seconds. The fireproof coating should have no open flame and the carbonized layer should be intact;

　　厚度測量：游標(biāo)卡尺檢測鋼板基材厚度，誤差應(yīng)≤0.1mm；

　　Thickness measurement: Use a vernier caliper to measure the thickness of the steel plate substrate, with an error of ≤ 0.1mm;

　　密度測試：防火涂料密度需≥800kg/m3，浮于水面的產(chǎn)品可能摻入輕質(zhì)填料。

　　Density test: The density of fireproof coating should be ≥ 800kg/m 3, and products floating on the water surface may be mixed with lightweight fillers.

　　判斷電纜橋架防火性能需建立“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)證-材料檢測-報告核查-現(xiàn)場驗證”四級體系。通過關(guān)注氧指數(shù)、耐火極限等核心參數(shù)，結(jié)合灼燒試驗等簡易手段，可有效甄別產(chǎn)品優(yōu)劣。在消防要求嚴(yán)苛的場景中，建議委托第三方機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行二次檢測，確保防火設(shè)施發(fā)揮實效。

　　To determine the fire resistance performance of cable trays, a four level system of "standard certification material testing report verification on-site verification" needs to be established. By focusing on core parameters such as oxygen index and fire resistance limit, combined with simple methods such as burning tests, product quality can be effectively identified. In scenarios with strict fire safety requirements, it is recommended to commission a third-party organization to conduct secondary inspections to ensure the effectiveness of fire prevention facilities.

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